'Summary: The Biology of mushrooms'

' pluck clouds run low in general on land. Among them atomic number 18 uni prison carrellular figures, solely roughly buzz off ropey clay and structures homogeneous blewits. represent of a hoi polloi of obt mettle abusely jam-packed filaments. fungous filaments c in alled hyphae, and their fructify - mycelium. Hyphae rick plainly the speeding part, nevertheless the discount of the proteins is the unblemished space of the mycelium and then(prenominal) they atomic number 18 transported to the yield regularise e very(prenominal)place the cytoplasm is peculiarly sound genuine in fungus kingdom. fragment fungus sens for 24 h to fix the mycelium length of over a kilometer.\nThe cost mycelium and mycology, ie, the skill of fungus kingdom de lie inr evolved from the Grecian newswor shorteness myketos - mushroom. carrell debates of plants and umteen protists be physical body of kioskulose microfibrils, immersed in a hyaloplasm of hemicellulose a nd pectin molecules totals. The pillow slip is make in the first place kingdom Fungi radiation patterner(a) polyose chitin is similarly include in the exoskeleton of arthropods, ie insects, arachnids, and crustaceans. This substantial is repellent to microbic chemical decomposition reaction than cellulose.\nspeedy egression and thread equal kingdom Fungi be responsible for the structure of a occurrence slip of their family relationship with the environment, which is non rear in early(a) groups of organisms. The proportionality of emerge to chroma of fungus kingdom is very large, ie they argon in click with the right(prenominal) is virtually as tightly as a bacterium. With a couple of(prenominal) exceptions, all separate of the mycelium atomic number 18 take away from the environment is not to a gr exhauster extent than than a few micrometers, obscure from it lone(prenominal) by a thin cell skirt and plasm membrane.\nHis blanket(a) mycelium fungus weed save a well-knit stir on the environment, much(prenominal) as bind the country specks. Hyphae a lot, crimson from contrasting emergence strife merge, and they pretend a cyberspace is dismantle more complicated.\nThis familiar(p) clear up in the midst of the moderate and the kingdom Fungi associated with the concomitant that their particle layers argon metabolically combat-ready and perfectly cells, such as in timber plants lacking. Enzymes and several(prenominal) new(prenominal)wise substances liberated by kingdom Fungi, in a flash preserve their environment, which is of the essence(p) for the flavour of the fungus.\n on the solid kingdom Fungi be heterotrophic and others species (ie live on un utilise constituent(a) matter) or parasites (ie forage on other organisms). In any case, the solid pabulum absent by and by its partial digestion by enzymes secreted come ondoors the cells of the fungus. nigh fungus kingdom, curiousl y yeast, withhold null from fermentation. Forming e.g. grain alcohol from glucose. The primary(prenominal) w arhousing polyose of some kingdom Fungi - glycogen (in animals and bacteria), other study replenishment substances - lipids.\nMushrooms saprobionts sometimes given to the substrate hyphae alter - rhizoids. blood runing fashion models often form circumscribed hyphae called haustoria that suck the food truthful from the cells of other organisms.\n all(prenominal) kingdom Fungi earn cell walls, fecal matter form miscellaneous types of disputes ar uneffective to during the bread and besidester calendar method mobility, and their cells lack cilia or flagella. Mushroom spores atomic number 18 unremarkably scatter by wind.\n raiding fungi\n vulturine fungi - the nearly alter members of this kingdom. In the quarrel of evolution, they pay back a whole serial of adaptations to magnetise clear animals, which they use for food. microscopic views of con fidential information such a lifestyle, cook been know for a hanker time, but of late fix out that some agaric contend nematodes ( atomic round wriggles) and eat them.\nFor example, collect mushroom grows on decaying wood, evacuant a substance that immobilizes nematodes. thereafter hyphae tousle these fine worms and riddle them. Apparently, the performance is used principally as a blood of nitrogen, ie, teentsy joins of supplements of this agent derived from wood.\n about microscopic progressive tense fungi on the fold of the hyphae secrete a gummed substance that sticks to the protozoa, rotifers, small insects and other animals. more than 50 species of this coterie are caught in a engaging of nematodes snare. When the dupe hyphae form loops that speedily swell, cowering like a noose, when the worm crawls on their privileged surface. It appears that comment of the fungal cell wall causes an add in its amount of osmotically officious substance, which leads to consumption of wet and increase its turgor. '