Legal and Professional Ethical Issues in Nursing- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLegal and Professional Ethical Issues in Nursing. Answer: Introduction Ethics refers to the moral principles, morals and values that are set to guide and govern a certain specific group of people (Sadeghi and Khamarnia, 2011). A law is a system or rules and regulations that are created by society or group leaders (e.g. government) and are officially enforced to the people to govern and regulate their behavior and actions. In Australia, Registered Nurses are thenurses that have basically passed through a nursing school, obtained training and graduated after passing the national licensing examination from that specific country (Lartey, 2014). These nurses are trained to provide professional health care and medication services to patients in hospitals and especially those that have already been discharged from hospital but still care and regular observations. Additionally, they are responsible for educating patients as well as their relatives on various health processes and procedures. Besides educating the patients and their relatives, nurses in Australia alsotrain the community or society members about different diseases, health care and medical processes and services that can be easily practiced (White and Scott, 2015). With that in mind, it is important for every registered nurse to be completely aware and conscious of their roles and responsibilities in a health institution (Durham, 2015). This is simply because the nurses are in charge of the patients and therefore should be held accountable of their practices and actions leading to any kind of result. In this case study, the nurses are in charge of a childs life but did take that responsibility as serious as they should. My assignment is going to discuss the ethical practices the nurses in the case study should have abided by, relating them to the actions made by the nurses. Case Analysis Roles and Responses for Nurses Registered nurses often work in hospitals and other outpatient health institutions whereby they provide services and support to the doctors and care for the patients. These nurses are responsible for administering patient medications (Huynh et al, 2016), cleaning the patients and changing their beddings, observing and monitoring patients condition especially when the doctor is not around, maintaining patient records and communicating with the doctors among other things. In addition to that, the registered nurses are supposed to provide emotional support to the patients relatives as well as to the patients. However, not all nurses carry out all these duties. Nurses with higher education levels are given other duties like helping surgeons during operations, basically these duties vary depending on the level and type of patient care required. Legal and professional issues Raised Lack of effective communication Just as mentioned earlier, nurses are responsible for sharing information about a patients condition with the doctors responsible. Technically, nurses are the ones that spend more time with the patients than the doctors and therefore have the opportunity to see changes in the health conditions of the patient than doctors. Additionally, nurses are supposed to make regular patient checkups and observations to ensure that they are getting better or rather not getting worse (Pirinen et al, 2015). Work Issue In the case study, there was a complaint on lack of effective communication. The nurses were accused of not providing effective communication channel between them and the pediatrician, i.e. perhaps they failed to call, email, or provide physical information on what the observations and diagnosis of the child was. The nurses failed to share important information with the pediatrician which meant that the doctor did not have enough information to treat the child. In this case, the nurses failed to adhere to the code and ethic on effective and efficient communication between the nurses and the doctors. When the nurses do not share information about the health condition of the patient with the doctor, then it will a longer time for the doctor to point out and realize the real problem with the patient (Ridling et al, 2016). In the health sector, communication is a key aspect because it involves sharing information with the common goal of saving human life. However, due to lack of effectiv e communication, the child in this case study ended up dead simply because the doctor could not point out the problem earlier and did not receive any information from the two nurses. This was, the nurses broke the code ethics and failed to provide satisfactory professional practice. Observation recording and documentation It is always sensible for a patients health records to be kept safe in case of future reference. In most health institutions, nurses are the ones that make patient observations, e.g. body temperature measurements and other changes in a patients health condition which is basically a patients behavior or progress. When these nurses make these observations, it is ethical for them to record them in writing to be able to document them effectively. These records are very crucial because they act as evidence to be used by the doctor to prescribe medication to the patient (Pavlish et al, 2011). In addition to that, these records can also act as evidence in a court of law in case the nurse is cued and complaints filed. These records can also be used by a different doctor whenever the patient needs transfer. It is therefore important for a nurse to ensure that they have a record and have documented the observations made when the doctor was absent or unavailable (Sharmil et al, 2015). Work Issue As per the case study information, the two nurses failed to record the observations they made about the childs health condition. By them not providing a recorded documentation of the observations they made, may be interpreted as a work issue, which is basically: they actually did not conduct any observations, none at all or they made the observations but failed to record them in writing. However, the point that was made from the complaint that was filed was that the nurses failed to produce any observation records which means that they failed to perform one of their most important responsibility hence breaking their code of ethics and professional laws. Provision of Quality Practice A registered nursesduty is to provide professional care and support to patients. According to Dunn Lopez et al, 2017, providing care and support involves performing different activities like giving medications, educating them on better ways to take care of themselves by making small professional talks with them, taking their health condition measurements and making frequent checkups on their progress among other things. According to Nursing and Midwife Board of Australia, registered nurses are trained to perform these activities professionally and it is their duty to do so. By doing this, they basically make use of their knowledge, skill and expertise. It is important to note that, there is a direct correlation between the quality of a nurses practice and the health condition turn-up of a patient. Good or high quality patient care and patient outcomes results from high quality health care and support received from the nurse in charge (Choi, 2015).Therefore, the nurses should be compl etely focused and determined to provide the best practice to the patients according to their professional standards. Work Issue From the case study, the nurses failed to provide quality service to the infant by failing to record their observations about its health changes and also failing to communicate effectively with the pediatrician as well. Because of lack of observation records and effective communication, the doctor failed to get an understanding of where the child was suffering from early enough to give treatment. The nurses kept the information to themselves which is certainly not a professional behavior. Creative and Critical Thinking Ability Nurses are professionally trained people. This means that they have effective and efficient skills, expertise and knowledge to take care of patients in a health care facility (Pasila et al, 2017). Registered nurses are trained on how to take care of different kinds of patients suffering from different diseases and from different age groups. With that in mind, nurses (especially Australian nurses) are supposed to be effective and good critical thinkers which is a skill or attribute that in most cases is said to be a persons original ability. This is one of the most important skills that a registered nurse should have. With critical thinking, nurses are able to make rational decisions when it comes to developing plans on patient treatment and observation plans or schedules (Ballard et al, 2016). Critical thinking will enable a nurse to effectively identify a problems, determine a suitable solution for solving the problems and choose the best and most effective method and technique to r each and implement the solution. In addition to that, the nurses that are able to think critically have the opportunity to strategize on their ideas, theories, concepts and plans that relate to patient care (Toren and Wagner, 2010). Nurses that think critically have always been precise, logical, accurate, clear and fair which basically are some of the characters and aspects that lead them to their success. Work Issue In this case study, the nurses involved failed to think critically by failing to communicate effectively with the pediatrician and also when they failed to keep observation records about the infants health condition. The two nurses did not seem to have made the logical or rational decision by not recording and documenting the infants observation. The nurses did not think of the consequences that would arise in case they failed to document their observations. Also, they did not consider the effects of failing to keep in touch with the pediatrician. In this case, they actually lacked the ability to think critically hence leading them towards making such mistakes and non-professional actions. It is important to note that if the nurses were critical thinkers, they would think better and come up with a plan to record and share information on their observation with the pediatrician. Professional Mandate Registered nurses must have passed through a nursing school to gain their training and knowledge on the profession. Registered nurses training is aimed at providing absolute and professional health care and support for the patients in hospitals and out of hospital, but require professional health care (Matsumoto et al, 2014), i.e. hospitals, schools and other private and public health care centers (Zahedi et al, 2013). In many professional practices, the parties involved ought to provide high quality services, especially in hospitals nurses are expected to be driven by professional values and professional accountability to take care and support the patients allocated to them.According to NMBA, all registered usually have one thing in common which is that they have passed through a nursing school, college or done a nursing university course and therefore have acquired the required knowledge, expertise and knowledge to practice the nursing profession. This means that these nurses have the mandate to provide exemplary nursing services to the patients that they attend to (Porter, 2012). However, their values and ethics will be effective only if they are able to coordinate effectively with their patients. A collaboration between the patients and the nurses will certainly be able to produce best results on nursing services towards better nourishment of the human life and health condition of the patients (Choi et al, 2014).Therefore, to be able to provide the intended health care and support to patients, a registered nurse must have the required skills and knowledge that will enable them to effectively collaborate with patients as well as their relatives. On the other hand, the Australian laws also offer protection to the regulatory organizations so that they are not entirely blamed for the nurses practices. In other words, nurses are guided and governed by laws and ethical codes that push them towards achieving their sole mandate, taking care of human life or rather saving human life (Bruton et al, 2016). In this case study, the nurses failed to carry out their mandate by not performing their specific roles and responsibilities. Technically, it is the responsibility of nurses to make patient observations, regular checkups, keeping and documenting patient records. However, in this case, the nurses failed to provide any record of the patient observations as well as failed to make effective communication with the pediatrician. According to Pavlish et al, 2011, the nurses are supposed to share the information about the childs observation with the pediatrician but they failed to keep in touch, never called, returned calls, provided any record of their observations which basically makes their actions ignorant and un professional. Conclusion Registered nurses are people who have passed through a thorough and intense training and education system. However, in the health industry, legal and ethical issues play a very crucial part in this industry simply because the parties are given authority over human life. In the case of the nurses, the ethics, laws and code of ethics are extremely fundamental to provide governance and guidance over their actions and overall practice. The nurses are the people who are involved with patients for longer periods than the doctors and therefore need close and frequent regulations and laws that will guide their actions about patient treatment and care. Generally, in a health sector, there are legal, ethical and professional guidelines which should be adhered to by the nurses, doctors and other practitioners. Therefore, they have the mandate to perform and practice their profession and provide quality care in the process. However, in Australia, the nursing profession requires certain skills an d qualifications like critical thinking, strong and effective communication skills, accountability and desire and determination to achieve required results. For instance, the nurses involved in the case study should have had the desire to save the childs life and not be ignorant about their profession. I addition to that they should have been ready to perform their roles and responsibilities by providing quality service and care e.g. through recording and documenting their observations as well as communication with the pediatrician about the infants health condition and their results. However, they failed to do all of that which basically may have led to the childs death. Therefore, it is important to ensure that every nurse is aware of the laws, ethics and professional standards that are expected of them in their practice. References Ballard, K., Haagenson, D., Christiansen, L., Damgaard, G., Halstead, J.A., Jason, R.R., Joyner, J.C., OSullivan, A.M., Silvestre, J., Cahill, M. and Radtke, B., 2016. Scope of Nursing Practice Decision-Making Framework.Journal of Nursing Regulation,7(3), pp.19-21. Bruton, J., Norton, C., Smyth, N., Ward, H. and Day, S., 2016. Nurse Handover: patient and staff experiences.British Journal of Nursing,25(7). Choi, S.P.P., Cheung, K. and Pang, S.M.C., 2014. A field study of the role of nurses in advocating for safe practice in hospitals.Journal of advanced nursing,70(7), pp.1584-1593. Choi, P.P., 2015. Patient advocacy: the role of the nurse.Nursing Standard,29(41), pp.52-58. Dunn Lopez, K., Gephart, S.M., Raszewski, R., Sousa, V., Shehorn, L.E. and Abraham, J., 2017. Integrative review of clinical decision support for registered nurses in acute care settings.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,24(2), pp.441-450. Durham, B., 2015. The nurse's role in medication safety.Nursing2017,45(4), pp.1-4. Huynh, N., Snyder, R., Vidal, J.M., Sharif, O., Cai, B., Parsons, B. and Bennett, K., 2016. Assessment of the nurse medication administration workflow process.Journal of healthcare engineering,2016. Lartey, S., Cummings, G. and Profetto?McGrath, J., 2014. Interventions that promote retention of experienced registered nurses in health care settings: a systematic review.Journal of nursing management,22(8), pp.1027-1041. Matsumoto, M., Moriki, M. and Yamazaki, Y., 2014. A trial of nursing training aiming at improving ethical awareness.Journal of Tokushima National Hospital,5, pp.9-11. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA)., 2008. Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia. Pasila, K., Elo, S. and Kriinen, M., 2017. Newly graduated nurses orientation experiences: A systematic review of qualitative studies.International Journal of Nursing Studies. Pavlish, C., Brown?Saltzman, K., Hersh, M., Shirk, M. and Nudelman, O., 2011. Early indicators and risk factors for ethical issues in clinical practice.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,43(1), pp.13-21. Pavlish, C., Brown?Saltzman, K., Hersh, M., Shirk, M. and Rounkle, A.M., 2011. Nursing priorities, actions, and regrets for ethical situations in clinical practice.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,43(4), pp.385-395. Pirinen, H., Kauhanen, L., Danielsson-Ojala, R., Lilius, J., Tuominen, I., Daz Rodrguez, N. and Salanter, S., 2015. Registered Nurses experiences with the medication administration process.Advances in Nursing,2015. Porter, J.E., 2012. Nursing professional ethics, law, and boundaries.Journal of Nursing Law,15(2), pp.61-63. Ridling, D., Christensen, P., Harder, L.R., Gove, N. and Gore, S., 2016. Pediatric nurse performance on a medication dosage calculation assessment tool.Journal of pediatric nursing,31(2), pp.e133-e140. Ross, K., Barr, J. and Stevens, J., 2013. Mandatory continuing professional development requirements: what does this mean for Australian Nurses.BMC nursing,12(1), p.9. Sadeghi, A. and Khamarnia, M., 2016. Professional Ethics in health management, Patients rights grounds.Medical Ethics Journal,4(13), pp.13-26. Sharmil, S.H., 2011. Awareness of Community Health Nurses on Legal Aspects of HealthCare.International Journal of Public Health Research, pp.199-218. Toren, O. and Wagner, N., 2010. Applying an ethical decision-making tool to a nurse management dilemma.Nursing ethics,17(3), pp.393-402. White, K.M. and Scott, E.S., 2015. Revising the scope and standards for nurse administrators.Journal of Nursing Administration,45(12), pp.598-599. Zahedi, F., Sanjari, M., Aala, M., Peymani, M., Aramesh, K., Parsapour, A., Maddah, S.B., Cheraghi, M.A., Mirzabeigi, G.H., Larijani, B. and Dastgerdi, M.V., 2013. The code of ethics for nurses.Iranian journal of public health,42(Supple1), p.1.

Math Checkup Unit 1 Lesson 3 Essay Example

Math Checkup Unit 1 Lesson 3 Essay Linear Functions Answer the following questions using what youve learned from this lesson. Write your responses in the space provided, and turn the assignment in to your instructor. 1. What is the slope of the line in the graph below? Show your work. Answer: To find out the slope, you must first take two separate points on the graph, such as (-5,-1) and (0,1). Then, it’s a simple matter to use the equation [pic] to find the slope: [pic]= [pic] 2. What is the slope of the line represented by the table of values below? How do you know? |x |y | |-2 |3 | -1 |4. 5 | |0 |6 | |1 |7. 5 | |2 |9 | Answer: By taking two different (x,y) values from the table and using the [pic] formula, we can easily find the slope. For example, let’s use (-2,3) and (0,6): [pic]= [pic] 3. Which of the following graphs could be the graph of y = 4x 5? Circle the letter of your answer(s) and explain your choice(s). a. b. c. d. 4. Write the equation of the line that passes through the points (3,7) and (-1,2) in: The slope is [pic]=[pic]=[pic] a. Point-slope form -2=[pic](x+1) b. Slope-intercept form y=[pic]x+[pic] 5. What is the slope of a line that is perpendicular to [pic]? Show your work. Answer: A line perpendicular to y=[pic]x would have a slope that’s the reciprocal of the slope to y=[pic]x. We will write a custom essay sample on Math Checkup Unit 1 Lesson 3 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Math Checkup Unit 1 Lesson 3 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Math Checkup Unit 1 Lesson 3 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So the answer is [pic]. 6. Write the equation of a line passing through (0,6) and parallel to the line [pic]. Answer: y=[pic]x+6 7. Which of the following tables of values could have been generated by a linear function? How do you know? a. |x |y | |-2 | -3 | |-1 |-5 | 0 |-7 | |1 |-9 | |2 |-11 | b. |x |y | |-2 |1 | |-1 |3 | |0 |6 | |1 |10 | |2 |15 | c. |x |y | |-2 |1 | |-1 |1 | |0 |1 | |1 |1 | |2 |1 | Answer:Table A is a linear function, since it has an even distribution in both its x and y values. Table B is NOT a linear function, since it doesn’t have an even distribution in its y values. Table C is a linear function, since it has an even distribution in both its x and y values. 8. For each table in #7 that could have been generated by a linear function, calculate the slope of the line produced by that function. Answer: The rise over run formula [pic] shows the slope of a function table. Table A has a slope of [pic]= [pic]= -2. Table C has a slope of [pic]= [pic]= 0. 9. The cost of hosting a dinner in a particular restaurant is given by y = 18. x + 250, where x is the number of people at the dinner and y is dollars. What is the slope of this function? What does it mean in the context of the problem? Answer: The slope is 18. 5. It means that each person that attends costs $18. 50. 10. The cost of hosting a dinner in a particular restaurant is given by y = 18. 5x + 250, where x is the number of people at the dinner and y is dollars. What is the y-intercept of this function? What does it mean in the context of the problem? Answer: The y-intercept is 250. This means that you must pay $250 BEFORE you pay for each guest’s meal. 11.Write the equation of the line that is parallel to the x-axis and goes through the point (1,4). Answer: y=4 12. Does the point (2,6) lie on the line that connects (1,4) and (0,3)? Explain. Answer: The equation for the slope of (1,4) and (0,3) is y=x+3. Just plug (2,6) into the equation: 6=2+3? No. 6=/=2+3 So, no. (2,6) does not lie in the line that connects (1,4) and (0,3). 13. Which of the following pairs of lines are perpendicular? How do you know? Perpendicular? a. [pic] and [pic]No. Their slopes are NOT negative reciprocals. b. [pic]and [pic]Yes. Their slopes are negative reciprocals. c. [pic]and [pic]No.Their slopes are NOT negative reciprocals. 14. Jeremy uses the linear function G = 12h + 50 to represent the grade, G (in points out of 100), that he can earn on an exam as a function of h, the number of hours he spends studying for the exam. a. Identify the slope and y-intercept of Jeremys function and explain what they mean in the context of the problem. The slope is 12 and the y-intercept is 50. This means that Jeremy’s score, if he didn’t study, would be 50. However, for every hour he studies, his score will go up 12 points. b. If Jeremy spends 3 hours studying for the exam, what grade does he expect to earn?Show your work. G = 12(3) + 50 = 36 + 50 = 86 Jeremy can expect to earn 86 points on the test if he studies for 3 hours. c. How many hours should Jeremy study if he wants to earn a perfect score on the exam? Show your work. 100 = 12h + 50 50 = 12h h = 4 hours, 10 minutes. 15. Suppose that demand, D, for a particular product is given by the function D = 100 2p, where p is the price in dollars of the product and D is the number of products that can be sold at that price. a. What does the slope of this function mean in the context of the problem? The slope shows that for each dollar the price increases, two less items will be sold. b.What price should be set in order to sell 75 items? Show your work. 75 = 100 2p 2p = 25 p = $12. 50 The price should be set as $12. 50 to sell 75 items. 16. Temperature may be given in degrees Celsius or in degrees Fahrenheit. The freezing point of water is 32(F or 0(C. The boiling point of water is 212(F or 100(C. a. Write the equation of a line that shows the relationship between degrees Fahrenheit and degrees Celsius. C=[pic](F-32) b. What is the temperature in Fahrenheit when it is 17oC? 62. 6 Fahrenheit c. What is the temperature in Celsius when it is 79oF? 26. 1 Celsius 17. Write at least three different expressions that mean slope. Answer: Slope=[pic]=[pic]=[pic] 18. In order to write the equation of a line, what two pieces of information do you need? (Hint: there may be more than one answer to this question. ) Answer: You must know both the slope and y-intercept to write the equation of a line. 19. The cost of manufacturing soccer balls is given by C = 24,000 + 7x, where x is the number of soccer balls produced. a. What is the slope of this equation and what does it represent in the context of the problem? The slope is 7, and that means each soccer ball costs $7. b. What is the y-intercept of this equation and what does it represent in the context of the problem?The y-intercept is 24,000, and it means that you have to pay $24,000 BEFORE making any soccer balls. c. If a manufacturer wanted to spend less than $30,000 to produce soccer balls, what is the maximum number of balls that can be produced? Show your work. 30000=24000+7x 6000=7x 857. 14=x The maximum number of soccer balls that can be made without spending above $30000 is 857. 20. Write the equation of a line that is parallel to the line connecting (2,5) and (-1,-4). Answer: y=3x+5 This is the only line with a negative slope and a negative intercept.

Best Crucible Act 4 Summary

Best Crucible Act 4 Summary SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Act 4 gives us the exciting conclusion to this saga of madness. How are the citizens of Salem and their governing officials dealing with the fallout from the trials?Will the "witches" falsely confess to avoid execution? Does John Proctor still, like, totally hate himself? Read on to find out all this and more, including key quotes and a thematic analysis for the final act of The Crucible. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. The Crucible Act 4 Summary - Short Version Act 4 opens with Herrick removing Tituba and Sarah Good from a jail cell so the court officials can hold a meeting there.Reverend Hale and Reverend Parris are off praying with the other condemned prisoners, which is unsettling to Danforth and Hathorne. When Parris arrives at the meeting, he explains that Hale is trying to get the prisoners to confess to their crimes rather than lose their lives needlessly. He also reveals that Abigail and Mercy Lewis have run away, and they stole his life’s savings. The authorities then discuss the state of social unrest that has emerged in Salem after the jailing of so many citizens. Hathorne denies that there is any possibility of rebellion ("Why at every execution I have seen naught but high satisfaction in the town" (pg. 7)), but Parris is very concerned about what will happen if they hang people who are well-respected. Parris has already received a death threat in the form of a dagger wedged in his doorway. He advises that they postpone the hangings and continue pushing for confessions, but Danforth refuses because it would make him look bad. Hale arrives and says that he hasn’t extracted any confessions yet. The one prisoner who he hasn’t talked to is John Proctor. The officials decide that they will bring in Elizabeth Proctor to speak with him and convince him to confess. Elizabeth and John are left alone, and Elizabeth informs John of Giles Corey’s death. Giles was pressed to death with heavy stones since he refused to plead guilty or innocent to the charges of witchcraft. John begs her to tell him whether or not he should confess. He’s leaning towards confessing because he doesn’t think very much of himself and feels his soul is already beyond redemption. He asks for Elizabeth’s forgiveness, but she says her forgiveness doesn’t mean anything if he won’t forgive himself. She also places some blame on herself for the way things went down with Abigail. She tells him that only he can decide whether or not to confess. John tentatively agrees to confess, but he refuses to name any names and then is reluctant to sign the confession. He decides he can’t go through the rest of his life after signing his name into disgrace in this permanent way. He snatches the signed paper away at the last minute and rips it to shreds, thus sealing his fate. Rebecca Nurse and John are then led off to the gallows by Marshal Herrick. The others beg Elizabeth to convince him to reconsider, but she refuses to deprive him of this choice when it’s clearly the only way he can break free from his self-hatred. "Ain't nobody dope as me I'm dressed so fresh so clean" -John Proctor at the end of The Crucible The Crucible Act 4 Summary - "Oops, I Didn't Read It" Version This act takes place in a jail cell in Salem.Marshal Herrick wakes up the occupants, Sarah Good and Tituba, to move them to a different cell.The two women speak of their plans to fly away to Barbados after the Devil comes for them and transforms them into bluebirds.They mistake the bellowing of a cow for the arrival of Satan to carry them away (could've happened to anyone).Herrick ushers them out of the cell as Tituba calls to the Devil to take her home. Once they leave, Danforth, Hathorne, and Cheever enter the cell, and Herrick returns to join their meeting. Danforth is disturbed to learn from Herrick that Reverend Hale has been praying with the prisoners. Reverend Parris is also supposed to meet with Danforth and Hathorne, so Herrick goes to get him.Apparently, Parris is praying with Reverend Hale and Rebecca Nurse.It turns out that Parris told Herrick to allow Hale to see the prisoners. Danforth is concerned that Parris is acting weird.Hathorne mentions Parris has had looked a little crazed lately and thinks it might not be wise to allow him amongst the prisoners.He said good morning to Parris a few days earlier, but Parris just started crying and walked away.Hathorne is worried about Parris appearing this unstable since he’s supposed to be the town’s spiritual leader.Cheever says he thinks Parris’ distress is a product of the ongoing property disputes in town.Abandoned cows are wandering all over the place because their owners are in jail.Parris has been arguing with farmers about who gets to claim these cows for days, and he doesn’t handle conflict well, so it makes him upset.Parris finally enters the cell, looking haggard.Danforth and Hathorne immediately criticize him for letting Hale speak with the prisoners.Parris says Hale is trying to persuade the prisoners to return to God and save their lives by confessing.Danforth is surprised, but he welcomes this news. Parris then reveals why he called this meeting with the court officials.Abigail and Mercy Lewis disappeared a few days before.Parris says he thinks they’ve boarded a ship, and they stole his entire life’s savings to pay for passage.He’s been upset lately because he’s completely broke.Danforth is exasperated and calls Parris a fool.Parris says that the next town over, Andover, rejected the witch trial trend and threw out the court, whichhas sparked the beginnings of a rebellion in Salem.Abigail most likely left for fear that people in Salem might turn against her. Hathorne doesn’t buy into the idea that a rebellion is fomenting in Salem because the town has been supportive of the executions so far.Parris points out that this is because all of the people who have been executed up until now had bad reputations for other reasons (Bridget Bishop lived with a man before marrying him, Isaac Ward's alcoholism left his family in poverty).Now they’re about to hang Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor, people who are still well-liked and respected in the community.That’s not going to sit well with many of the townspeople.Parris advises Danforth to postpone the hangings so he and Hale can continue to push for confessions and avoid social unrest.Danforth is adamant that everything will proceed as planned.Parris reveals that he has received a death threat and fears for his life if they don't postpone the executions. Hale enters the cell, saddened and exhausted, and says he hasn’t been able to get anyone to confess.He begs Danforth to pardon the prisoners or at least give him more time to bring them around.Danforth insists he can’t pardon anyone or postpone the hangings. Twelve people have already been hung for the same crime. Pardon or postponementwould be unfair and, what’s worse, it would make him look weak. John Proctor is the only prisoner Hale hasn’t spoken to yet.The officials decide to summon Elizabeth Proctor to see if she will speak to her husband and persuade him to confess.Hale keeps pushing Danforth to postpone the executions, arguing that it would show that he is merciful rather than weak, but Danforth won’t change his mind.Hale points out that society in Salem is on the verge of collapsing because of the upheaval caused by the trials.Danforth asks Halewhy he has even bothered to return to Salem, and Hale says it’s because he can’t live with the part he played in condemning innocent people to death.There will be less blood on his hands if he can get them to confess. Elizabeth Proctor is led into the cell. Hale begs her to convince her husband to confess.He says it’s better to tell a white lie than to sacrifice a life for pride, but Elizabeth is not convinced("I think that be the Devil's argument." (pg. 122)).She agrees to speak with her husband, but she doesn’t promise to persuade him to confess. A raggedJohn Proctor is escorted in by Marshal Herrick, and he and Elizabeth are left alone.Elizabeth reveals to John that many people have confessed to witchcraft, but Giles Corey refused to plead one way or the other on the charges leveled against him.He was pressed to death by his interrogators, but his sons will inherit his farm (his property would have been publicly auctioned off if he officially died a criminal). Proctor has been contemplating making a confession, and he asks Elizabeth what she thinks he should do.He feels he has already committed so many sins that it’s stupid for him to bother holding up his integrity on this one point.John says he has only refrained from confessing out of spite, not nobility.He asks for Elizabeth’s forgiveness.She says he needs to forgive himself first, and her forgiveness doesn’t mean much if he still feels he’s a bad person. She blames herself for pushing him into Abigail’s arms and says he shouldn’t take responsibility for her issues as well. Hathorne returns to the jail cell.Elizabeth tells John that he has to make his own choice on whether or not to confess.John says he chooses to have his life, and Hathorne assumes this means he will confess.John asks Elizabeth what she would do, but his question ends up being rhetorical. He knows she would never give into the pressure and lie.However, he still hates himself and thinks he’s not good enough to die a martyr. Danforth, Parris, Cheever, and Hale return and start questioning Proctor so they can write down his confession.John begins to confess, but he falters when Rebecca Nurse is led into the cell and expresses her disappointment.John refuses to name any names of other people he’s seen with the Devil, and Danforth becomes frustrated.Hale manages to persuade Danforth to accept this and allow John to sign the confession as-is.John balks at actually signing his name to the confession.He finally does so, but then he snatches the signed paper away.He doesn’t want to be held up by the court as an example to other prisoners. John says he can’t bring himself to bind his name to such a shameful lie.Danforth is incensed and insists that the document must be an honest confession, or Proctor will hang.Proctor tears up his confession.He finally decides he does have some decency within him, and it will be manifested in this final sacrifice.Danforth orders the hangings to commence.Parris and Hale beg Elizabeth to convince John to reconsider as John and Rebecca are led off to the gallows.Elizabeth refuses; she realizes that this is what John needs to do.He’d rather die with dignity than live in shame, and she respects his choice. Yeah do whatever you want John. Honestly, I don't know why you didn't just tell them you're pregnant too - these guys will believe anything. The Crucible Act 4Quotes In this section, I'll list a few of the most important quotes in Act 4 and explain why they matter. â€Å"Oh, it be no Hell in Barbados. Devil, him be pleasure-man in Barbados, him be singin’ and dancin’ in Barbados. It’s you folks - you riles him up ‘round here; it be too cold ‘round here for that Old Boy.†Tituba, pg. 3 This is probably the most substantive line spoken by Tituba in the play.She recognizes the culture in Salem as overly repressive and conceives of â€Å"the Devil† in a different light.The Devil is not an evil presence; he represents freedom from the bonds of a society that forces people to deny their humanity constantly.Tituba feels that the Devil is provoked into mischief by the hypocrisy of the citizens of Salem. â€Å"Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. While I speak God’s law, I will not crack its voice with whimpering. If retaliation is your fear, know this - I should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law, and an ocean of salt tears could not melt the resolution of the statutes.† Danforth, pg. 9-120 This quote provides deeper insight into Danforth’s character and state of mind.He feels that he can’t postpone the hangings now because he may be seen as weak and indecisive.He definitely can’t pardon the prisoners because people might suspect mistakes were also made in past convictions.Every person brought in by the trials and convicted must receive an equally harsh punishment, or Danforth’s reputation will be decimated.He is so authoritarian that he would hang ten thousand people who objected to a law without stopping to consider whether this big of an uprising could indicate major flaws in the law itself. Danforth is dependent on this concept of the infallibility of the law because it allows him to maintain control. â€Å"I came into this village like a bridegroom to his beloved, bearing gifts of high religion; the very crowns of holy law I brought, and what I touched with my bright confidence, it died; and where I turned the eye of my great faith, blood flowed up. Beware, Goody Proctor - cleave to no faith where faith brings blood. It is mistaken law that leads you to sacrifice. Life, woman, life is God’s most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of it. I beg you, woman, prevail upon your husband to confess. Let him give his lie. Quail not before God’s judgement in this, for it may well be God damns a liar less than he that throws his life away for pride.† Reverend Hale, 122 Hale is a disillusioned shell of the man he was at the beginning of the play.He initially felt that he was bringing enlightenment to Salem, but he inadvertently brought destruction instead.His good intentions rooted in a strong faith led to the loss of innocent lives.Hale argues that throwing away one’s life, even if it’s done in adherence to God’s commandments, leaves a darker moral stain on the world than giving a false confession.This advice is largely an effort to assuage his guilt about the situation. He won’t be able to live with himself if all these people die because of his mistakes. â€Å"Let them that never lied die now to keep their souls. It is pretense for me, a vanity that will not blind God nor keep my children out of the wind.† John Proctor, 126 John is convinced that he is not worthy of dying as a martyr because he has already lied and committed immoral acts in his life.He feels his soul beyond saving, so he should stop acting all virtuous and just confess.There is no point in remaining honest if he is already going to Hell with or without this false confession. At least if he lives, he can continue to provide for his kids and postpone an unpleasant afterlife. â€Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feel of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!† John Proctor, pg. 133 Proctor has this outburst after he snatches his signed confession away from Danforth.He can’t bring himself to permanently sacrifice his reputation by signing the confession. He feels his self-loathing and inevitable suffering in the afterlife is punishment enough (â€Å"I have given you my soul†). He can’t stomach the idea of also being defined by his confession in the eyes of society and history.He knows his name will forever be associated with cowardice and a lack of integrity. â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him!† Elizabeth Proctor, pg. 134 Elizabeth refuses to dissuade John from revoking his confession.She can see that he has achieved freedom from his own self-loathing through this final truthful act.If she persuades him to return and confess, she might as well not save his life at all because he will feel so utterly worthless after throwing away this last bit of integrity. John's destruction of his confession is similar to ripping up a check and throwing it in someone's face when they offer to pay off your debts just to show that their power over you. In both cases, for better or for worse, pride wins out over self-preservation. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Act 4 Thematic Analysis Here's a list of the major themes that are expressed in Act 4 along with some short explanations and analyses. Irony Danforth makes a few ironic statements in Act 4 as he interrogates Elizabeth and John.In observing Elizabeth’s lack of emotion when he asks her to help them convince John to confess, he says â€Å"A very ape would weep at such calamity! Have the Devil dried up any tear of pity in you?† (pg. 123)He is shocked that she isn't acting more upset even though he has shown no remorse for condemning people to death throughout the play. In fact, he expressed his viewpoint that "I should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law, and an ocean of salt tears could not melt the resolution of the statutes" (pg. 120).He can't understand why Elizabeth doesn't fall apart and beg her husband to confess because he doesn't grasp the idea that an action can be legally prudent but morally distasteful. Later in Act 4, Danforth becomes angry at the implication that John’s confession may not be the truth.He says â€Å"I am not empowered to trade your life for a lie† (Danforth pg. 130). This is an example of tragic irony because Danforthhas been trading people’s lives for lies this whole time. He has sentenced numerous people to death based on lies about their dealings in black magic, and he has accepted the false confessions of those who would rather lie than be executed. Hysteria Though there is less evidence of hysteria in this act, Danforth, for one, is still very much caught up in the â€Å"WWIIIIIITTTTCHHHH† mindset.As John gives his confession, Danforth says to Rebecca Nurse â€Å"Now, woman, you surely see it profit nothin’ to keep this conspiracy any further. Will you confess yourself with him?† (pg. 129).He remains convinced that everyone is guilty. Danforth also becomes frustrated with Proctor when he won’t name names in his confession: â€Å"Mr. Proctor, a score of people have already testified they saw [Rebecca Nurse] with the Devil† (pg. 130). Danforth is convinced that John knows more about the Devil's dealings than he has revealed. Though Rebecca Nurse's involvement has already been corroborated by other confessors, Danforth demands to hear it from John. This testimony will confirm that John is fully committed to renouncing his supposed ties to Satan. Reputation As the hysteria over the witch trials dies down, it becomes apparent that the reputations of the accused continue to influence how they are treated as prisoners.Parris begs Danforth to postpone the executions of John and Rebecca because they’re so well-respected that he’s received death threats for going along with their hangings.He says, â€Å"I would to God it were not so, Excellency, but these people have great weight yet in the town† (pg. 8). However, Danforth’s own reputation as a strong judge hangs in the balance, and he dares not damage it by getting all wishy-washy. â€Å"Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. While I speak God’s law, I will not crack its voice with whimpering† (pg. 9). John Proctor’s concern for his reputation also plays a role in the events of Act 4. He goes to the gallows instead of providing a false confession because he realizes his life won't be worth living if he publicly disgraces himself in this way:â€Å"How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!† (pg. 133). Power and Authority In Act 4, many of the power structures that were in place earlier in the play have broken down or become meaningless.Though the judges and reverends technically still hold official positions of authority, Reverend Parris has been subjected to death threats, and Salem as a whole seems to be in complete disarray.The judges now have little respect for Parris ("Mr. Parris, you are a brainless man!" pg. 7), who has become weak and vulnerable following the loss of his life's savings. The prisoners have lost what little faith they had in the earthly authority figures who have failed them, and they look towards the judgment of God.John ultimately realizes the only power he has left is in refusing to confess and preserving his integrity.As Elizabeth says to him, â€Å"There be no higher judge under Heaven than Proctor is!† (pg. 127). In steadfastly refusing to confess,Rebecca Nurse ends up holding onto a significant amount of power. The judges cannot force her to commit herself to a lie, and her sacrifice will deal a serious blow to their legitimacy. Guilt Several characters are still dealing with intense guilt at the end of The Crucible.After quitting the court in Act 3, Hale did some self-reflection and decided to return to Salem to advise the accused witches to confess.His rationalization is that encouraging people to lie to save their lives is a forgivable sin, but being responsible for the deaths of innocentsis not.He’s wracked with guilt over the part he played in kicking off the witchcraft hysteria (â€Å"There is blood on my head!† pg. 121). However, because Hale is so tormented, he’s only able to consider his personal feelings about the situation. The false confessions might absolve him of his guilt, but the confessors would be forced to live the rest of their lives in shame. This might seem strange to us today (obviously you should just lie to avoid being executed!), but we have to consider the pervasiveness of religion in Puritan society. This is not just a matter of upholding one's good name in society - it's a matter of the state of one's soul. To the most devout people (like Rebecca Nurse)in such a highly religious culture, lying about involvement with the Devil might be considered worse than death. If a person dies without sin, she will go to Heaven, but if she corroborates the lie perpetuated by the courts, her soul will carry a permanent stain and could spend eternity in Purgatory or Hell. Hale's argument is less than convincing to people who have spent their whole lives in service to God and don't intend to compromise such an excellent record. Meanwhile, John Proctor continues to feel guilty for his affair and the role it has played in putting both he and his wife in mortal peril.A deep fear of hypocrisy almost persuades Proctor to confess because he would feel guilty martyring himself next to other people like Rebecca Nurse who are genuinely without sin. He says,â€Å"My honesty is broke, Elizabeth; I am no good man† (pg. 126).However, he ultimately doesn’t allow his guilt to define him and refuses to give up the remainder of his integrity. Elizabeth also displays some guilt in Act 4 when she partially blames herself for pushing John into Abigail's arms("I have sins of my own to count. It takes a cold wife to prompt lechery" pg. 126). The sexism of the play shows through in Elizabeth's guilt. She has been conditioned to believe that it's her job to prevent her husband from straying by being a happy homemaker. If we weren't entirely sure that this play was written in the 1950s before, it's pretty clear now. She was bedridden, but that's no excuse for not attending to John's every need. What was she expecting? That he WOULDN'T sleep with a teenager? The CrucibleAct 4 Review Let's do a quick recap of the events of Act 4, the frustrating conclusion of The Crucible: Danforth and Hawthorne meet in a jail cell and discuss their concerns with Parris' erratic behavior and Hale's return to Salem. Parris joins them and reveals that Hale is advising the prisoners to confess. Parris also reveals that Abigail ran away with his life's savings, most likely because of the rising societal discontent withthe court's activities. Both Parris and Hale beg Danforth to either pardon the prisoners or postpone the hangings until confessions are obtained because Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor still have such good reputations, and their executions could cause an uprising. Danforth refuses because he's already executed other prisoners accused of the same crimes, and he doesn't want to look weak. They decide to bring in Elizabeth Proctor so she can talk to John and hopefully convince him to confess before he is sent to the gallows. John and Elizabeth discuss this decision, and John is leaning towards confessing because he doesn't feel he's worthy of martyrdom. Elizabeth tells him he has to make his own choice. John begins to confess, but he falters when he is ordered to sign his name to the confession and learns that itwill be displayed publicly. He tears up the confession and decides he will go to his death rather than permanently ruin his reputation and sacrifice the only integrity he has left. The officials try to convince Elizabeth to stop him, but she refuses because she recognizes this is the only way John can end his feelings of self-hatred. John and Rebecca Nurse are led to the gallows to be executed. In Miller's short afterward, entitled "Echoes Down the Corridor,"he statesthat Parris was soon voted out of office, and the families of the victims of the witch trials were later provided with compensation by the government. He claims that in the aftermath of the trials, "the power of theocracy in Massachusetts was broken." However, the events of The Crucible provide an all too clear allegory for many modern-day tragedies borne of prejudice, fear, and ignorance. What's Next? Now that you've read summaries for each act of The Crucible,check out our complete thematic analysis of the play so you can kick butt on all your English quizzes and essays. Need some quotes to flesh out your essay? Read this list of the most important quotes in The Crucible, catalogedby theme. You should also take a look at this article to see detailed analysisof the most important characters in The Crucible. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Managing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing strategy - Essay Example However, the ever evolving industry of tourism in Europe has meant that there were several factors in the external environment that were impacting the tour operators. This report will analyze those factors using the PESTEL model and Porter’s Five Forces. PESTEL Analysis Political The major political problem that struck the European tour operator industry was the September 11 attacks in the United States of America. The debacle was not just detrimental for Europe but for everywhere around the world. One of the industries that suffered most was the tourism industry. The sense of fear among people grew and that brought a big halt to the number of travelers around the world. The countries had implemented strict policies on visas and entry of foreigners in their lands. Among countries, there was increased scrutiny as the after effects of the attack on the US. There was lack of trust because of the security troubles. Every foreigner was scrutinized. Policies were made strict and thi s was one major reason why tourism industry took a big hit after the attack (United States, 2006). Economical The attacks did not just affect the political landscape of the world but it also had a direct impact on the economies of several regions. Businesses came to a halt and export and import was severely affected. This meant that businesses were not making as much money as they would in normal times. Because of this, there was a severe lack of profit which led to businesses running out of capital (Beaver, 2002). There were a lot of jobs lost and unemployment was on the rise. The overall spending power of the common man went low because of which the expenditures on luxuries such as traveling was also cut down. This had a direct impact on the European tourism industry because people started become more concerned about their well being rather than spending heavy and travel and leisure. An enormous decline was seen in the amount of money being spent in tourism (Hall & Lew, 2009). Mat ters were also made worse when the global economic crisis hit the region in the last 2000s. The world became rife of liquid money and economies were collapsing. This meant that the overall economic situation was not healthy. Companies were suffering as well with many big names being forced into shutting down their businesses. All in all, it was a tough environment to operate in for the European tourism industry. Social The positive aspect in the external environment for the European tourism industry, however, was that the people of Europe generally liked traveling. It was taken seriously and people considered it as their passion. This meant that when political and economic conditions in the region improved, people went back to investing in their travels and this was something that immensely benefited the tourism industry in Europe (Davidson, 1998). Technological Technology had a big part to play in the European tourism industry. For tour operators especially, technology was proving to be a menace. This was because their direct competitors, who would be the hotels and airlines themselves, started selling their products and services through the internet. During the last 2000s, sales through internet surpassed all other mediums. Technology provided a more convenient and easy access to people who wished to book flights and tours. Airlines as well as hotels both were now providing packaged tours for their customers, something the tour operators in

I am Noticing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I am Noticing - Essay Example I am noticing that the day has started for some of my neighbors as well. I can hear their gates opening up as they prepare to leave for work or go to school. The smell of bacon permeates the air as their front doors open to let them out.     I am noticing that most of my neighbors come out of their homes during the early morning hours dressed only in their robes as they take out the trash and pick up their daily newspaper delivery.I am noticing that some of my neighbors stop to chat with the other early risers who are now walking their dogs or jogging with their dogs running alongside them. They seem to be highly friendly with each other. Sharing a laugh now and then.I am noticing that the student planes from the nearby flying school start their classes quite early. The sun is barely up and already there are student planes flying overhead. You cannot miss them, the drone of their engines are the unique sounds that one can hear this early in the morning.I am noticing that my dog i s unusually active as well. She is barking really loudly as I sit here in the garden. It makes me wonder if the dog wishes to join me in my quest to observe my surroundings this morning.I am noticing that the sound of the cars on the highway are not as loud this morning. Perhaps the early morning weather has made the drivers too lazy to get out of bed. Whatever the reason, there does not seem to be a traffic pile up in the streets this morning.I am noticing that the children are starting to come out into the neighborhood street with their toys. Ready to play and have a good time while they still can. Their parents will call them back to the house soon, they need to get ready for school.I am noticing that my mother has also gotten out of bed. I can hear her moving about inside the house, she will want me to prepare her morning coffee soon. But for now, she sounds like she is watching the early morning news program on TV.  

Qatari law Essay Example for Free

Qatari law Essay Qatar is located in a peninsula jutting out 100 miles into the Persian Gulf from Saudi Arabia. The country is mainly barren and is situated with Saudi Arabia on its west and United Arab Emirates on its southern border. Qatar occupies a total land area of 11,437 square kilometers. (Infoplease, 2007) Climate experienced in this region is generally hot and dry due to the desert landscape. The air is usually humid but is sultry during the summer time. Naturally occurring disasters experienced in the area are haze, dust storms and sandstorms. Qatar has only 1% of its land area that is classified as arable while 5% of the land is used for raising pastures. Qatar has an estimated population of 1,000,000 (in 2007), and approximately 200,000 are citizens. Nearly all Qatari profess Islam approximately 95% of the population. Majority of the population migrated due to the availability of employment for the oil industry in Qatar. Arabic serves as the official language while English and other languages are also spoken in Qatar. Many Qataris trace back their roots to natives of the Arabian Peninsula. Migratory tribes have settled in Qatar during the 8th century. There were also migration from gulf Emirates and as well as Persian merchants. Today, most of Qatar’s inhabitants cluster in Doha, the capital city. Foreigners with temporary status comprise 52% of the total population and make up approximately 89% of the total workforce. In 2004, the country had a total population of approximately 1,000,000 (in 2007), of whom approximately 200,000 were believed to be citizens. Of the citizen population, Shia Muslims account for approximately 3 percent and Sunni Muslims comprise the remaining 97 percent. The majority of the estimated 800,000 non-citizens are individuals from South and South East Asian and Arab countries working on temporary employment contracts in most cases without their accompanying family members. They are of the following faiths: Sunni Muslims, Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Bahais. Most foreign workers and their families live near the major employment centers of Doha, Al Khor, Messaeed, and Dukhan. The Christian community is a diverse mix of Indians, Filipinos, Europeans, Arabs, and Americans. It includes Catholic, Orthodox, Coptic, Anglican, and other Protestant denominations. The Hindu community is almost exclusively Indian, while Buddhists include south and East Asians. Most Bahais in Qatar may come from nearby Iran. Religion is not indicated on national identity cards and passports, nor is it a criterion for citizenship in Qatar according to the Nationality Law. However, Qatari citizens are either Sunni or Shia Muslims with the exception of a Bahai and Syrian Christian and their respective families who were granted citizenship. Shia, both citizens and foreigners, may attend a small number of Shia mosques. There is some limitation of the religious liberty of Christians. No foreign missionary groups operate openly in the country. Culture Qatar explicitly uses Sunni law as the basis of its government, and the vast majority of its citizens follow Hanbali Madhhab. Hanbali (is one of the four schools (Madhhabs) of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam (The other three are Hanafi, Maliki and Shafii). Sunni Muslims believe that all four schools have correct guidance, and the differences between them lie not in the fundamentals of faith, but in finer judgments and jurisprudence, which are a result of the independent reasoning of the imams and the scholars who followed them. Because their individual methodologies of interpretation and extraction from the primary sources were different, they came to different judgments on particular matters. Qatari law When contrasted with other Arab states such as Saudi Arabia, for instance, Qatar has comparatively liberal laws, but is still not as liberal as some of its neighbors like UAE or Bahrain. Women can legally drive in Qatar, whereas they may not in Saudi Arabia. The country has undergone a period of liberalization and modernization after the current Emir of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, came to power after becoming Emir in place of his father. Under his rule, Qatar became the first Arab country in the Persian Gulf where women gained the right to vote. Also, women can dress mostly as they please in public (although in practice local Qatari women generally don the black abaya). Before the liberalization, it was taboo for men to wear shorts in public. The laws of Qatar tolerate alcohol to a certain extent. However, public bars and nightclubs in Qatar operate only in expensive hotels and clubs, much like in the UAE and Bahrain, though the number of establishments has yet to equal that of UAE. Qatar has further been liberalized due to the 15th Asian Games, but is cautious of becoming too liberal in their law making the country viable weekend immigration from their western neighbor. Overall Qatar has yet to reach the more western laws of UAE or Bahrain, and though plans are being made for more development, the government is cautious Economy Before the discovery of oil the economy of the Qatari region focused on fishing and pearling. After the introduction of the Japanese cultured pearl into the world market in the 1920s and 1930s. Qatar’s pearling industry faltered. However, the discovery of oil reserves, beginning in the 1940s, completely transformed the state’s economy. Now the country has a high standard of living, with many social services offered to its citizens and all the amenities of any modern state Qatar’s national income primarily derives from oil and natural gas exports. The country has oil estimated at 15 billion barrels (2.4 km3), while gas reserves in the giant north field (South Pars for Iran) which straddles the border with Iran and are almost as large as the peninsula itself are estimated to be between 800 – 900tcf (Trillion Cubic Feet – 1tcf is equal to around 80 million barrels of oil equivalent) (Anonymous, 2005). Qatar’s primary source of income relies on its oil reserves, which constitutes more than 30% of its Gross Domestic Product. An estimated reserve of 3. 7 billion barrels is predicted to last up to 23 years with sustained level of output (Qatar: Background, 2007). Qatar also has one of the world’s largest reserves for Natural Gas, estimated to be more than 5% of the world’s total reserve or amounting to 7trillion cubic meters. These two natural resources constitutes the backbone of Qatar’s economy (Qatar, 2002). Oil industry in Qatar On 1935, a 75-year oil concession was granted to Qatar Petroleum Company, which was owned by Anglo-Dutch, French and USA. At Dukhan, located at the western side of Qatar, high quality oil was discovered. Oil exploitation was delayed due to the onset of World War II and Qatar was only able to export oil during 1949. Due to the increase in revenue from oil export during the 1950s and 1960s, Qatar entered the start of its modern history. This was the start of Qatar’s prosperity, rapid immigration was experienced due to employment brought about by the oil industry and substantial social changes was experienced. When UK announced in 1968 the policy of ending the treaty relationship with the Gulf Shiekdoms, failed talks with the other sheikdoms in a plan to form the United Arab Emirates resulted to Qatar declaring independence on September 3, 1971. Oil still forms the cornerstone of Qatar’s economy well into the 1990’s. Today Oil still accounts for about 62% of total government revenue. In 1973, income generated from oil production and exportation gradually increased the country’s revenue. This has helped Qatar move from previously ranked as one of the world’s poorest countries into one of the highest per capita income in the world. In 2006, the country has a per capita income of $62,000, which is ranked as fifth in the world (Beureau_of_Eastern_Affairs, 2007). During the 1990’s, OPEC or Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries had lower oil production quotas resulting to fall in oil prices. The result was an unpromising outlook in the international markets and reduced earnings in oil products led to recession in Qatar. Many small businesses were affected and expatriate staffs were affected by massive lay off. However the country was able to regain economically by the late 1990’s and expatriate population have grown again. Qatar’s oil production is currently estimated around 835,000 barrels a day. It is expected to reach 1. 1 million barrels per day by the year 2009. With the current rate of producing oil, reserves in Qatar are expected to last up to more than 40 years. However Qatar has other resources that are also exploited for production. It’s proven reserves of natural gas are the third largest in the world. The gas reserves of North Fields in Qatar exceed more than 900 trillion cubic feet or 14% of the worlds total gas reserves. Qatar is the largest producer of Liquefied Natural Gas with more than 31 million metric tons per annum. By 2010, Qatar is expected to produce 77. 5 million metric tons per annum and will account for one third of the world’s LNG supply (Beureau_of_Eastern_Affairs, 2007). Qatar’s oil fields are estimated to be depleted by 2023. But with the discovery of natural gas in the Northern fields, Qatar economy received a great boost from gas reserves income generated from exportation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas. Currently Qatar exports gas to Korea, India and China via shipping lines while gas is delivered via pipelines to Kuwait, UAE and Bahrain. Exploration: Early exploration took place in May 1935 as part of an agreement between the English-Persian Corporation and the Sheikh of Qatar at that time Abdullah Bin Jassem Al-Thani to explore oil for a term of 75 years. The agreement was executed by a corporation, which is later known as Qatar Oil Associated Corporation. Exploration, however, was adjourned due to border problems with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, but eventually started in 1938 extensively (Country profile: Qatar, 2008). In 1949, Qatar started to export oil through Mesaieed port on the East Coast. The first exported quantity was 80,000 tons on board President Liner on 31/12/1949 for a price of 5. 9 million Indian rupees received in 1951. Qatar developed its production speedily; and in 1951, it reached 46,500 barrels a day compared to only 34,000 a day before that time (Energy and Resources—Sources and Definitions, 2003). The State of Qatar became number 11 among oil exporting countries in 1952, with a production of 67,700 barrels a day, i. e. , 0. 5% of world production. Consequently, oil revenue increased to 4. 2 million US dollars in 1951, and 12 US million dollars in 1952.

Liquid Diets Essay -- Dieting Obesity Papers

Liquid Diets Obesity is one of the most common problems faced by people today. Since thirty-four million Americans are estimated to be obese, one out of every three Americans must live with this disorder. Obesity is defined as a body weight consisting of 20% or more above the standard ideal weight (http://www-med.stanford.edu/school/DGIM/Teaching/Modules/obesity.html#RTFToC12). In order to reduce obesity, most invest in diet and exercise programs. Recently, liquid diets have been positively modified, thus rising in popularity since their fall out during the late 1970’s. Out of the twenty million dieters, about one billion dollars will be spent this year on either medically sponsored liquid diets or over-the-counter liquid diet products (http://www.thriveonline.com/@@uwUQ@wQAMB†¦ve/health/Library/CAD/abstract13110.html). Even though many companies claim their diet produces safe and effective weight loss, many medical researches express their concern for various health risk conseq uences. PURPOSE OF TREATMENT The main purpose of liquid diets is weight loss. Many people have a low self-esteem concerning their looks and feel that weight loss would improve their outer appearance. Losing weight tends to boost self confidence by giving a feeling of accomplishment which is an incentive to lose more. Most of the over the counter liquid diets are invested by people who are not necessarily obese, but interested in taking off the excess weight. Liquid diets are also widely used to improve health conditions. Dieting results in weight loss which indirectly can decrease health risks. "If all Americans were to achieve a normal body weight, it has been estimated that there would be a 3 year increase in life expectancy... ...Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 60(2):249-54, 1994 Aug. Kretsch, MJ., MW Green, AK Fong, NA Elliman, and HL Johnson. "Cognitive effects of a long-term weight reducing diet." International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders. 21(1):14-21, 1997 Jan. Seim, HC., JE. Mitchell, C. Pomeroy, and M. de Zwaan. "Electrocardiographic findings associated with very low calorie dieting." International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders. 19(11):817-9, 1995 Nov. Shovic, Anne Caprio, PhD, Susan Adams, Jane Dubitzky, and Melody Anacker. "Effectiveness and dropout rate of a very low calorie diet program." Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 93(5):583-4, 1993 May. Walsh, MF and TJ Flynn. "A 54-month evaluation of a popular very low calorie diet program." Journal of Family Practice. 41(3):231-6, 1995 Sep.

Elizabeth Bishop’s poem “The Fish” Essay

* The Theme of ‘True’ Beauty or ‘Inner’ Beauty: Neither her battered boat nor the â€Å"venerable† old fish is beautiful in conventional terms. Their beauty lies in having survived, & when the speaker realizes this, â€Å"victory filled up / the little rented boat† & she understands that â€Å"everything / was rainbow, rainbow, rainbow!† That is when she lets the fish return to his home in the water. The fish helps Bishop to notice true beauty: â€Å"The fish is only ugly or grotesque to the untrained or unempathic eye† (McCabe). The notion causes her to see other objects around her differently. Everything is a rainbow when she looks around. This feeling allows her to release the fish. The release, significant in its own sense, acknowledges Bishop’s respect for the fish. The poet, struck by the otherworldly beauty w/ which ordinary objects sometimes appear, as if cast in a color not their own, releases her concentrated gaze, & gives up both the poem & the fish. The composite image of the fish’s essential beauty–his being alive–is developed further in the description of the 5 fishhooks that the captive, living fish carries in his lip. * The Theme of Respect & Admiration: The admiration for the fish is ironic since he was detested when 1st caught. The relationship tween the fish & Bishop becomes even closer when she notices his lip. These broken fishing lines are the turning point tween her & the fish. Now, Bishop considers the catch an accomplishment. She sees evidence that 5 others have tried unsuccessfully to bring in this fish. The fish evolves into a majestic character She is able to use the description of the fish’s lip to evoke the idea of respect. The fish’s â€Å"beard† personifies him, characterizing him as intelligent. She values the fish because she realizes he has eluded other anglers. The ultimate respect is expressed w/ the fish’s release. Bishop knows the fish â€Å"†¦can’t be kept, but must be let go† (McCabe). Bishop recognizes that she will be able to hold the moment closer as a memory than by keeping the fish as a trophy. The real theme of Bishop’s poem is that of humanitarianism & respect for a fish’s lifelong  will to survive.

Slavery And Jim Crow Laws - 1613 Words

African descendants have lived in the United States of America for over 400 years and since arriving the black race has struggled to obtain equality. Realistically, if you are born black in the United States of America, you are in a sense cursed with the burdens of systematic oppression and racism. Slavery and Jim Crow Laws were created by white supremacist to maintain power and authority as they sought out to rule over any and all minority groups they consider inferior to the white race. Fortunately, leaders of the black race have made tremendous strides in their efforts to level out the playing field between the two races. The rise of abolitionism is were the journey for equality began with black political theorist like, David†¦show more content†¦As a result of the second awakening made way for slave rebellions, who formed many small, but influential forms of resistance. These resistances were accompanied by the Nullification crisis that accorded in South Carolina. Th e crisis was the southern states failed attempt to start a new Confederacy separate from the Union , which inevitably led to four years of Civil War and the abolishment of slavery. During this time period anti-slavery activist such as; David Walker, Fredrick Douglas, and Anna Julia Cooper spoke out against slavery and for the first time in US history a black political thought was not only expressed, but heard. David Walker David Walker was born a free man in Wilmington, North Carolina, to a free mother, but a enslaved father. Walker was a black abolitionist, anti-slavery activist, and writer, best known for authoring An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World which advocated black self-reliance. Uncomfortable by his surroundings, Walker relocated to Boston, Massachusetts where he wrote for the first African American owned newspaper the Freedom Journal. He urged African slaves to fight for freedom and seek out equality. In his aim to end slavery, Walker, referenced both the declaration of independence and bible to argue against the enslavement of black people. Walker once said â€Å"You may do your best to keep us in wretchedness and misery, to enrich you and your children; but GodShow MoreRelatedSlavery And Jim Crow Laws Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the early 1960s, African American people living in the United States were greatly oppressed. Slavery and Jim Crow laws, whi ch justified segregation, were abolished; however, African Americans did not receive equal treatment, as the ideology of white supremacy, or Caucasians being the superior race, remained in tact. Since juries typically consisted of Caucasian males who favored other Caucasians, African Americans rarely received fair trials. Other factors, such as housing opportunitiesRead MoreThe Strange Career of Jim Crow by C. Vann Woodward1063 Words   |  5 PagesWoodward wrote The Strange Career of Jim Crow for a purpose. His purpose was to enlighten people about the history of the Jim Crow laws in the South. Martin Luther King Jr. called Woodward’s book, â€Å"the historical Bible of the civil rights movement.† (221) Martin Luther King Jr.’s quote revealed the true importance of Woodward’s book. Woodard’s book significance was based on it revealing the strange, forgotten facets of the Jim Crow laws. Assumptions about the Jim Crow’s career have existed s ince itsRead MoreAs Far as the Crow Flies731 Words   |  3 PagesMississippi will long be known for is slavery, Jim Crow Laws, and the murder of Emmett Till. Slavery began in Mississippi before it became a state and the majority of its existence relied on the free labor of African-Americans. Jim Crow Laws enforced segregation between African-Americans and Whites in Mississippi following the end of slavery. Emmett Till was an unfortunate casualty of unknowingly going against the laws of segregation in the South. Slavery in Mississippi went through more stagesRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Law1014 Words   |  5 PagesMass incarceration is known as a net of laws, policies, and rules that equates to the American criminal justice system. This series of principles of our legal system works as an entrance to a lifelong position of lower status, with no hope of advancement. Mass incarceration follows those who are released from prison through exclusion and legalized discrimination, hidden within America. The New Jim Crow is a modernized version of the original Jim Crow Laws. It is a modern racial caste system designedRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesto write a reflection on discussed The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness which is a book written by Michelle Alexander a highly acclaimed civil rights lawyer, advocate and Associate Professor of Law at Ohio State University. Michelle Alexander states that although we made tremendous p rogress with Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s by unifying as a race and fought to seemingly ended the old Jim Crow era by the passing of laws such as the 1965 voting act and Brown V.S BoardRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1313 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws where used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civilRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1316 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws were used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civilRead MoreAncient History and Slavery836 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery is a condition defined as one human being owning another human. Ancient history shows the Greeks, Romans and Mayans accepted slavery. Later continental Europeans became involved in slavery, importing slaves from Africa to the New World. During this time over eleven million African slaves were taken from their homeland as part of the transatlantic slave trade. Eventually the American Civil War led to slaves freedom due to the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, which was signed byRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1370 Words   |  6 Pageschanged, and shaped into unrecognizable ways that fit into the fabric of the American society to render it nearly invisible to the majority of Americans. Michelle Alexander, in her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness shatters this dominantly held belief. The New Jim Crow makes a reader profoundly question whether the high rates of incarceration in the United States is an attempt to maintain blacks as an underclass. Michelle Alexander makes the assertion that â€Å"[w]eRead MoreThe Strange Career Of Jim Crow862 Words   |  4 PagesJim crow laws In the 18th century the civil war had brought in end to slavery ,when the union beat the confederacy.Many people believe that slavery ended right there, and that anything else that happened to African Americans after that was due to racism of the people of that time.When in reality that change had caused ripples, that would shape history and the way people think all the way till today.Using historical ideas ,journals ,and such C.Vann Woodward in The Strange Career Of JIM CROW

Has Political Islam Failed In Algeria Essay - 3565 Words

Has Political Islam Failed in Algeria? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The question whether Political Islam has failed or not due to the internal structure of the Islamic political movement, in either Algeria or any other country in the Islamic World, is an important question for the analysis of the politicized Islamic phenomena. Olivier Roy sees the movement as a failure, not only in Algeria but also in the whole area from Casablanca to Tashkent, the movement has resulted in failure due to many reasons that are seen as common among all the divisions of the movement regardless of their different socio- economic and political background that are more or less responsible of the generation of such movements. The Algerian case is the best†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The masses that took the streets of Algerian cities, in October 1988, were not only Islamists but workers, students, secularists, leftists, feminists and Berberists, all demonstrating their disillusionment with the FLN (National Liberation Front). † The FL N government responded by the Army intervention and the arbitrary arresting of the protesters. They used torture against people which ultimately created a high measure of resentment and destruction of the government legitimacy. Moreover, the government doctrine to reform the Algerian economy was so much supportive to those who had money already, which gave no benefit to the crushed masses that were striving under poor standards of life, which is the case in most countries that undergo transitional periods of economic reform where the desperate need for investment forces the government to grant the investors more rights and less duties to assure an attractive business environment. However, the corrupt regime seemed to do that for its own benefit since most of the rich Algerians were practically either government officials or having strong connections with the authority. Thus, the economic reform fired back on the FLN. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Meanwhile, there was another severe problem that affected the countries domestic politics; the problem of identity. As a French colony under the French authority,Show MoreRelatedThis week’s readings investigate the rise of Islamic opposition and civic society groups in Egypt,1000 Words   |  4 PagesThis week’s readings investigate the rise of Islamic opposition and civic society groups in Egypt, Turkey, and Algeria. In an overarching perspective, the readings contend that the failure of the post-colonial states in providing the public goods and services they were responsible for, as well as their use of Islamist groups in order to crush the leftist opposition, provided political structures of opportunity that the Islamic groups were able to exploit. In addition, the state hostility to civicRead MoreMuslim Nations and Their Crisis of Leadership Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Muslim nations face a crisis of leadership, which affects both them and their relationship with other countries. In Muslim society the leader embodies both political and moral authority. Yet even the best-known thinkers who comment on Islam, like Professor Samuel Huntington and Francis Fukuyama, have failed to identify the importance of Muslim leadership. On the surface there is a bewildering range of leadership: kings, military dictators, mullahs, democrats, and, as in the TalibanRead MoreThe Middle East And North Africa1896 Words   |  8 Pagesand 1990s were host to many economic and political changes. Around the world there were failures and successes centered around key principles. The world was in the midst of reform that led to many changes. In North Africa the islamists, the state’s economy, and the women faced many challenges. First of all, One challenge that the Islamist faced was the introduction of secularism into an Islamic state. After North African states gained independence  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Islam had been established as the official  religionRead MoreDifferent Cultures And Groups Of People1545 Words   |  7 PagesLike many other countries in the area, Algeria is a country that has been influenced and occupied by many different cultures and groups of people. The native population in this North African area, however, were the Berbers. In the classical period, the Berber civilization was already involved in agriculture, manufacturing, trade, and political organization. However, the Roman Empire annexed this territory which led to increases in urbanization in the area under cultivation, causing dislocations ofRead MoreReligion And Politics : The Middle East Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pagespolitics, in part because political struggles have for centuries been understood as religious conflicts and in part because of the intimate ties of the three Abrahamic faiths in the region. The middle east is the birthplace of the world’s three Abrahamic religions – Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The fact that religion and politics have a long history in the Middle East does not mean that religion is always, or even most of the time, a crucial factor driving political conflicts. Most of the politicsRead MoreJesse Brassell. Mr Parrish. English Iii H. 3 March 2017.1549 Words   |  7 PagesPresident Barrack Obama wielded this distorted view as a political weapon â€Å"Unless we get on our high horse and think this is unique to some other place, remember that during the Crusades and the Inquisition, people committed terrible deeds in the name of Christ.†. (Spring) Obama in the speech is trying to tie the Crusades to the Islamic extremist group ISIS, which is absurd.   This shows how far this false narrative of the vilification of the crusades has come, it is now so commonplace the mainstream publicRead More The Influence of the FLN on De Gaulle and Algerias Independence4181 Words   |  17 PagesGaulle opted for a political solution and announced independence for the Algerians in 1962. To what extent did the activities of FLN influence De Gaulle and what other factors can be identified which led to his surprising decision to grant independence to Algeria? Introduction 1. The Algerian War of Independence (1954–62) was a period of guerrilla strikes, maquis fighting, terrorism against civilians on both sides, and riots between the French army and colonists in Algeria and the FLN (FrontRead MoreThe Arab Spring And The Middle East1511 Words   |  7 Pagestensions and instabilities. The Arab spring increased the level of tension in the states with several implications on the region’s security. The events of the Arab Spring lasted for three years. According to Elfatih Abdel Salam (119), the Arab Spring has led to changes in the Middle East as well as exacerbate other problems. Early 2011, the Arab awakening commenced where cataclysmic events of the Arab Spring initiated. Among the changes that arose because of the Arab Spring was regional security. HenceRead MoreTerrorism : A Standard Definition Of Terrorism1652 Words   |  7 PagesNations does not have a standard definition of terrorism. In 1994, the UN General Assembly condemned t errorism, as â€Å"criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nearly a decade later, UN Security Council Resolution 1566 (2004), defined terrorism as â€Å"criminal acts, including against civilians, committed with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injuryRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On The World2278 Words   |  10 Pagesdue to past policies that were implemented upon them, the media perception, and lack of cultural knowledge. The media has popularized several negative attributions and encouraged the spread of animosity toward Arabs worldwide. Preconceived stereotypical ideas of Arabic cultures can be attributed to the misunderstandings of the Islam religion and the impact of colonization. Islam is one of the largest religions, yet very misunderstood. The peaceful religion is often feared in the West and in the

Comparing the Movies A Time to Kill, by John Grisham and...

The movie based on John Grishams A Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is one-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grisham?s adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood. Some of the movies more prominent themes are the same. Both focus on the family, particularly the role of the father. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Attacus, who is based on the father of author Harper Lee, is an upstanding parent. Not only is he an excellent role†¦show more content†¦Boo Radley saves the children by fighting their attacker to the death at great personal risk even though these same children had feared him. He is a very mysterious character until this incident, which unexpectedly defines him as a hero. In one of the most striking scenes in A Time to Kill, a soldier jumps in the path of a bullet to protect Jake. When Jake learns this total stranger is permanently paralyzed, he is dumbfounded. The basic plots of the two movies are identical: a white man commits rape but a black man ends up being prosecuted in a racially charged trial. The focus is on the defense lawyer?s struggle, and the movies climax during the closing statement. The essential difference of plot is a juxtaposition: in To Kill a Mockingbird, an innocent man is convicted, while in the other, a guilty man walks. This reflects that more was at stake than simply one man?s life in both cases. The former?s result is much more powerful. This unrevenged injustice has potential to hold audiences in indignant shock and open their eyes to the harsh reality of racism. This is the first of several discrepancies I will point out that favor To Kill a Mockingbird as the better film. These juxtaposed outcomes of the trials can be attributed to two factors unrelated to the plot. First, it reflects our nation?s growing sensitivity toward stamping out racism. A black man prosecuted for a crime against a white person had terrible

Euthanasia Morally Right or Ethically Wrong Free Essays

string(100) " instead of having to endure a year of pain and suffering with his family watching him deteriorate\." Euthanasia has gained a bad reputation within the public eye due to negative media encircling assisted suicide; euthanasia has a purpose and a goal, it should be seen as humanely releasing the soul of a human being from an emptiness created occasionally by our merciless society. This paper will delineate whether Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide are morally right or ethically wrong. Euthanasia is often confused with and linked to assisted suicide, definitions of the two are vital. We will write a custom essay sample on Euthanasia: Morally Right or Ethically Wrong or any similar topic only for you Order Now Two viewpoints are located within the body of this paper. The first viewpoint will support euthanasia or the â€Å"right to ii,† the second viewpoint will support anti-euthanasia or the â€Å"right to live†. Each perspective shall attempt to clarify the legal, moral and ethical ramifications of euthanasia and assisted suicide as well as include a personal example of each to detail the ending results. The term euthanasia has many definitions. The Pro-Life Alliance defines euthanasia as ‘Any action or omission intended to end the life of a patient on the grounds that his or her life is not worth living. The Voluntary Euthanasia Society refers to the word’s Greek origins – ‘e’ and ‘thanks’-, which together mean ‘a good death. An updated and loosely modern definition is ‘A good death brought on by a doctor providing methods or an injection to bring a peaceful end to the ultimate process of passing on. There are three different sub-classifications of euthanasia passive euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide and active euthanasia although not all groups would acknowledge them as valid terms (BBC News, 1999). There are two main types of patients that euthanasia may aid specifically, (1 ) patients that are in a persistent vegetative state, that are awake but are not aware of one’s self or of their surroundings. Such patients eave no higher brain activity and are maintained by artificial life support: respirators, heart-lung machine, and intra-venous nutrition. These types of methods do nothing more than prolong the inevitable and sustain a person in a never-ending life that will never go anywhere beyond these machines. 2) Patients in which are bound by a terminal illness that causes them a lot of pain, psychological suffering and loss of their dignity. This patient may or may not be on life-support depending on the severity of their illness. However, there are many different types of Euthanasia that can be examined when it moms to helping someone rid him or herself of a life of unnecessary pain. Here are the different types and their definitions among society: Euthanasia generally refers to an easy or painless death, in other words merciful. Voluntary Euthanasia includes a request by the dying patient or that person’s legal representative, proving their approval to continue. Passive or Negative Euthanasia involves not doing something to prevent the patience requested death, which is, allowing someone to die. Assisted suicide, a distant cousin of euthanasia, is when a person wishes to commit suicide but feels unable to execute the act alone because of a physical disability or lack of knowledge on what would be the most effective means in doing so. An individual, who assists in an assisted suicide and helps the suicide victim in accomplishing their goal, may or may not be an accessory or be held responsible for the death, depending on local laws. Without a doubt, today’s dying methods has become fearsome. Physicians are now in possession of the technologies and the skills needed to avert natural death almost indefinitely. More often then not, the terminally ill suffer unnecessary pain and are kept alive without any ell hope or expectations of surviving, as families stand watch waiting for the inevitable while still holding hope at the same time. U. S. District Judge Barbara Rottenest wrote is no more profoundly personal decision, nor one which is closer to the heart of personal liberty, than the choice which a terminally ill person makes to end his or her own suffering Shilling, ’94). The pro-euthanasia or â€Å"right to die† movement has received extensive support with the passage of laws in 40 states by 1990; this has allowed competent patience the legal privilege of making a â€Å"living will. These living wills give doctors the authority to withhold life-support, should the patient request it if the individual becomes terminally ill. Having choices, including having the legal right for help to die is a pinnacle of hope within itself. This allows people to take control Of their lives and accomplish things on their terms; this is a very important part of being human and of living. The issue of euthanasia is, by its very nature, a very difficult and private choice. Therefore, euthanasia should remain exactly that, a choice and a private one at that. It is a choice that should not be legislated or restricted by opposing forces or opinions. Euthanasia is a matter that should stay between the patient, the family, the doctor and God. Life is a precious gift received from the Creator with gratefulness and appreciation; individuals should cherish, preserve, and enhance life in every way possible. However, when the possibility for a meaningful, joyful, desirable life has been thoroughly depleted and every effort has been made to avoid the inevitable, then the United States should make it legal for the merciful to show mercy to the dying ho request help and understanding to end their torment. My father on my husband’s side, who had cancer, received euthanasia 6 years ago. He had chemotherapy radiation; the side effects that he endured were loss of appetite, becoming lethargic, fatigue, loss of color in skin, fever, chills, weight loss, night sweats and extreme pain. They told him that it was not going into remission and that it had spread throughout his body. According to the doctors, my father in law had maybe a year at most and even then, he would have to be hospitalized due to the pain and having chemotherapy done. After achieving this information, my father opted for euthanasia instead of having to endure a year of pain and suffering with his family watching him deteriorate. You read "Euthanasia: Morally Right or Ethically Wrong" in category "Papers" So he said his goodbyes, took care of necessary business and arranged things financially for his family before the process was performed. He then had his wife and children in with him during the procedure as he received a huge dose of painkillers and then a drug, that I am not familiar with, that led him to his death painlessly. Having the opportunity to have this type of say and control over his death, think, made the process a little mother and easier to endure. He got to accomplish what many do not get the chance to accomplish, he was able to set his finances straight, make sure his loved ones were taken care of and say his goodbyes to the ones he loved. To me this was a huge relief in knowing that he was allowed to have this type of help and closure before he left this world. I also believe that this method not only helped my father in-law but it also helped his immediate and non immediate family except the inevitable and have time to process it, so as to handle the grieving process. To some, Euthanasia is nothing less than cold- blooded killing; others would consider it premeditated murder and consider those assisting in it an accessory to murder. In addition, they believe Euthanasia steals away the one thing that gives us a reason for existence, a life in which we choose to live. It also depreciates life, much like the enormous issue of abortion. People against Euthanasia, deem it as morally and ethically wrong and think the government should outlaw it in these United States. It is true that modern medicine has evolved excessively throughout the enervation, so much so that abolitionists’ believe that euthanasia in itself resets these medical advances back by years. Our Surgical Physicians alone are known as Administrators of Death; this is a side effect of the outcome of euthanasia. Some believe that euthanasia is unacceptable within our society because of a multitude of reasons. Many who are against euthanasia being legalized are apprehensive because they dread that if it is then there will be many who die for needless reasons and they believe that there will be a rampage of â€Å"mercy killings† going on as an excuse for murder. Others believe that it is and always will be an immoral thing to take one’s life from them when we were not the ones to give it to them. Also many medical physicians also oppose euthanasia because they say that in assisting one in suicide is violating our dignity and ‘litotes one’s will to survive. When it comes to doctors, there is also The Hippocratic Oath in which they need to take into consideration. The Oath of Hippocrates is believed to have originated in approximately the fifth century B. C. And, even then, it incorporated a specific ledge against physician-assisted suicide when it said, â€Å"l will give no deadly medicine to anyone, even if asked. † It is recommended that a person suffering from an incurable or terminal illness is not completely in command of their mental capabilities and thereby incapable of such an extraordinary decision. In addition, a degraded mental capacity within a patient rules out any realistic thinking concerning survivors. Euthanasia is a very contentious topic. People dispute whether a person who is terminally ill, or handicap, should have the right or not to ask their doctor, or relatives to die by euthanasia. People say that dying by euthanasia is to die with self-respect, instead of living an artificial life by prolonging death on respirators and other life support machines. My personal outlook on this matter is one of minority. I believe that if a person is diagnosed terminally ill, and finds that there is nothing anyone can do for them, then why they should have to suffer and endure days, weeks, months or maybe even years in pain and agony is beyond me. Not only do they suffer but their family suffers alongside them also. They watch as their condition gets worse and continues to deteriorate, ND then they have to live with the vision of a person lying there helpless, not able to feed themselves, get out of bed, or talk to them for the rest of their lives. When instead they could have lived remembering their loved one as they were before they were diagnosed as terminally ill and began to die slowly. Recently, my grandmother, who was suffering from Alchemist’s disease (AD), died in my Aunts guest bedroom where she had been staying and taken care of by my aunt and uncle for the last four years of her life. My grandmother lived in England, where she was born, raised and died, she did tot have the option of euthanasia nor did my aunt or uncle who struggled with her through the end. My aunt and uncle went through the pain emotionally before it ever affects my grandmother physically. They took care of a shell for four years that use to house their mother; we lost my grandmother in 2007 spiritually however her physical body was still active and with us but empty. My grandmother could not remember any of her children or her grandchildren, nor could she remember family and friends in general. She would fight my aunt and uncle all the time thinking that they had detained her because she had no idea who they were or where she was. She had caused harm to herself as well as family members that tried to help her or care for her. She eventually forgot how to do simple things that are second nature to us all, such as showering, brushing her teeth, combing her hair and dressing herself. She continued to deteriorate more and more over the years, to the point where she had forgotten how to do vital things such as walk, eat, drink, go to the bathroom and even communicate. She was not physically in pain until the point of forgetting the vital actions, then she began o dehydrate and starve, her body began to shut down due to this. She was then attached to a feeding tube and life support, as by that point she had also just stop breathing occasionally and needed help in doing so. She stayed on life support for 6 months, until the decision was made to take her off and then she lasted for a week as her body withered away due to lack of water and food. We were reassured that she died with no pain but the look on her face showed differently and I could only imagine what she might have gone through and what We could have possibly spared her had We had the option f euthanasia. With every example given of euthanasia, there are some people who agree, and some who are dead set against it. There are comprehensible and logical reasons why some people are against euthanasia. Most people want their loved ones with them until their day has actually come for them to die. It might give people an understanding that it is all right to kill oneself. While the patient is lying in bed, some clinic, or scientist, might find a cure for the very disease that said patient is dying from and be able to cure them. For medical reasons they may be able to find out more about a retain disease to be able to further the search for the cure while someone has it. As many times, as you consider the idea of euthanasia you will find just as many pros as cons. Maybe we have to Start thinking like the people in the hospital beds, who are unable to walk, talk, feed themselves, think for themselves, or even breathe for themselves. On the other hand, even from the perspective of the family members who have to watch their own flesh and blood suffer and dwindle into nothing right before their eyes? How to cite Euthanasia: Morally Right or Ethically Wrong, Papers

My Unsung Hero free essay sample

Hero. What we think when we hear that word? People who sacrifices their lives with blood, sweat and tears to defend the nation? Thats right. But I thinks hero is not always the revolutionary, a hero can be anything. Many people think of their stuff as the Hero, or a singer or an actress, even plants and animals can be the heroes for people. I think Hero Is someone that can make our life different than before, better and more useful than yesterday. The greatest hero of all to me She is my mother.She is an extra ordinary woman in the world who takes is -? are of me from I cant do anything, until I can do a lot of things like now. My mother, she has given me a birth, raises me and takes care of me. She always gives me attention as long as Im still breathing in this world. We will write a custom essay sample on My Unsung Hero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I downtown what Im going to be without her from the time even before I was born, she had already loved me by giving me everything I need in her belly, for nine months. She held a very big load of me with no complains at all. On the day I was born, did she stop loving me when she knew and realized that all babies do Just make hurtled.They urinate and poop overtime they want, crying all the time, eating with messy, throw up her clothes? No, she TLD! Shuttles loves me no matter what happens. Why? Because she loves me. Sometimes we forget about her kindness, dont care whether she Is healthy or need something. Does she ever forget me like I sometimes forget her? I dont think so. She still remembered when the first time I called her Mum. It was the first word I can say and she couldnt stop crying because she was so happy to hear it, as she did the first time I gave her a birthday present.My mum is very special to me because she gave me lots of love and care. No one has ever done that to me before. And that will always be In my heart forever. My mum can be the best mum in the world! An example why she is caring would me after the school; she would calm and check If Im alright. She buys me vitamins, fruits and vegetables and every time I get sick, she would stay up whole night to take good care of me. She gives me medicine and she will try her best to make me feel better. My mum taught me two very important things. She taught me responsibility and aspect.I leaned to always respect others and never yell theme especially to the adults. And I also learned to never make fun of other peoples culture and always respect them. Last but not the least, I learned always to do my homework on time, study, do what I am supposed to do toadstool, and never get lazy when it comes to chores. And thats what I learned from my amazing mum. My mum Is a real hero because shes always Glenn me good advice. Also, because she Is very supportive. My mum gives me good advice by telling me to watch who I nag with and be careful who I trust.She Is overpopulates because sharpest my decisions and tells me shell always be here for me. Another, good trait my mum has has no problem with voicing her opinion. Also, because she is loyal. You can depend on her and she wont let you down. Last but not least, she is a good hearted because she is always kind to others. One time there was a woman who was homeless and was hungry, so my mum gave her some food. I think my mum is a great model because she is a leader, she is nice, caring, respectful and responsible. I always make mistakes but my mum always forgives me.She always says everyone makes mistakes dear. My mum is my hero because she was and always be there for me. I learned that a hero doesnt have to be rich or famous. They could someone who is close to you or makes a difference in your life. I also learned that it shouldnt matter if others like you. Like my hero said, No, I dont care what others think of me. As longs like myself. If I was famous, I would television how wonderful my mum is. She will always be my hero and always will be in my heart. I love you, Mum!